Referentie

De woordenlijst digitaal productpaspoort

Vierentachtig termen, precies genoeg gedefinieerd om in een specificatie te gebruiken, elk met het instrument of de standaard waaruit het komt. Geschreven omdat het meeste van dit vocabulaire nu alleen binnen leveranciersbrochures is gedefinieerd.

De gidsen lezen Bekijk de antwoorden

Voorwaarden: 234
Met bron: Instrumenteren
Kosten: Gratis, vrij toegankelijk

Definition

Welk vocabulaire gebruikt een paspoortprogramma?

Een paspoortprogramma put uit vier vocabulaires: GS1 voor identiteit en gebeurtenissen, W3C voor credentials en identificatoren, EU-regelgeving voor verplichtingen, en ISO voor meetmethoden. De meeste implementatieproblemen zijn te herleiden tot twee teams die één woord — recyclaatgehalte, of circulariteit — verschillend bedoelen.

Each definition below names the instrument or standard it comes from, so a term can be used in a specification rather than a slide. Where a term is contested — as recycled content and circularity both are — the definition says what the disagreement is about, because pretending it is settled is how two teams end up reporting different numbers for the same product.

15 terms

Identiteit, dragers en standaarden

Digital Product Passport (DPP)ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: A structured, machine-readable record of a product’s materials, origin, carbon footprint, repairability and end-of-life handling, reached by scanning a data carrier on the product and travelling with it across its whole lifecycle.; See also data carrier, delegated act, gs1 digital linkSource
ESPRRegulation (EU) 2024/1781: The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation. It establishes the Digital Product Passport as a framework requirement and sets ecodesign parameters — durability, reparability, recycled content, substances of concern — product group by product group.; See also delegated act, digital product passport, ecodesign parameterSource
Delegated actESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The legal instrument that turns ESPR’s framework into a binding requirement for one product group. It fixes that group’s passport data set and its dates, which is why there is no single ESPR deadline.; See also espr, product group, digital product passportSource
Product groupESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The unit ESPR regulates. Obligations attach to a group — textiles, iron and steel, batteries — rather than to products individually, so scope, data set and timetable are all decided at group level.; See also delegated act, esprSource
Data carrierESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The physical marking that links an item to its passport — a QR code, DataMatrix, NFC tag or RFID transponder. Its job is to survive the product’s working life and be readable by whoever needs the record.; See also gs1 digital link, digital product passport, datamatrixSource
GS1 Digital LinkGS1 Digital Link standard: A standard that expresses a GS1 identifier as a web address, so one code is both the identifier a till reads and the URL a phone opens. A resolver then decides which target to serve.; See also resolver, gtin, link typeSource
ResolverGS1 Digital Link standard: The service that receives a Digital Link request and returns the right destination for it — the passport, the product page, the safety sheet — chosen by link type, language and who is asking.; See also gs1 digital link, link typeSource
Link typeGS1 Web Vocabulary: A vocabulary term telling a resolver what kind of destination is being asked for. `gs1:sustainabilityInfo` is the passport, `gs1:pip` the product page, `gs1:instructions` the care and repair guidance.; See also resolver, gs1 digital linkSource
GTINGS1 General Specifications: Global Trade Item Number — the fourteen-digit GS1 identifier for a trade item. It identifies a product model, not an individual unit, which is why serialisation is needed for item-level passports.; See also sgtin, gln, serialisationSource
GLNGS1 General Specifications: Global Location Number — the thirteen-digit GS1 identifier for a physical or legal location. It is what lets a tier-3 site appear in a supply chain event as a read point rather than free text.; See also read point, gtin, epcisSource
SGTINGS1 EPC Tag Data Standard: Serialised Global Trade Item Number — a GTIN plus a serial number, identifying one individual unit. Item-level passports, and the Battery Regulation, need this rather than a model identifier.; See also gtin, serialisation, ssccSource
SSCCGS1 General Specifications: Serial Shipping Container Code — the GS1 identifier for a logistics unit such as a pallet or carton. It is what an aggregation event links the individual items to.; See also aggregation event, sgtinSource
SerialisatieGS1 EPC Tag Data Standard: Assigning a unique identifier to each individual unit rather than to the model. It decides how many carriers you print, and changing the decision after launch means reissuing every one of them.; See also sgtin, issuance levelSource
Issuance levelBattery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: Whether a passport is issued per item, per batch or per model. A battery passport is per item under (EU) 2023/1542, a textile passport is usually per model, and a food lot is per batch.; See also serialisation, digital product passportSource
DataMatrixISO/IEC 16022: A two-dimensional code that holds an identifier in a few square millimetres, which is what fits on a circuit board or moulded housing where a QR code will not. Often direct-part marked.; See also data carrier, gs1 digital linkSource

8 terms

Traceerbaarheid

EPCIS 2.0GS1 EPCIS 2.0: The GS1 standard for recording what happened to a physical object, in four dimensions: what, when, where and why. It is the interoperable form of a supply chain event.; See also biz step, disposition, read pointSource
bizStepGS1 Core Business Vocabulary: The EPCIS field naming the business process an event belongs to — commissioning, shipping, repairing — expressed as a Core Business Vocabulary URI so it means the same thing in every repository.; See also epcis, cbv, dispositionSource
DispositionGS1 Core Business Vocabulary: The EPCIS field describing the state an object is left in after an event — in transit, active, recalled, recycled. Where bizStep says what was being done, disposition says how the object ended up.; See also biz step, epcisSource
Read pointGS1 EPCIS 2.0: The EPCIS field identifying where an event was captured, given as a location identifier rather than a name. It is what makes two companies’ records of the same handover reconcilable.; See also gln, epcisSource
Core Business Vocabulary (CBV)GS1 Core Business Vocabulary: The controlled vocabulary EPCIS events use for business steps and dispositions. Using it is the difference between a trace a trading partner can ingest and a log file only you can read.; See also biz step, disposition, epcisSource
Aggregation eventGS1 EPCIS 2.0: An EPCIS event recording that items were packed into, or unpacked from, a larger unit. It is how a pallet scan can tell you which individual items are on it.; See also sscc, epcisSource
Transformation eventGS1 EPCIS 2.0: An EPCIS event recording that inputs were consumed and different outputs produced — yarn into fabric, scrap into billet. It is what carries provenance across a process that destroys the original identifiers.; See also epcis, chain of custodySource
Chain of custodyISO 22095: The documented sequence of organisations that held a material, and under which model — identity preserved, segregated, controlled blending or mass balance. The model chosen decides what a recycled-content claim actually means.; See also mass balance, transformation eventSource

13 terms

Credentials, bewijzen en vertrouwen

Mass balanceISO 22095: A chain-of-custody model where certified and uncertified material are mixed, and claims are allocated in proportion to the certified input. The physical product may contain none of the certified material.; See also chain of custody, recycled contentSource
Supply chain tier: How far a supplier sits from the finished product. Tier 1 assembles it, tier 2 supplies components. Tier 3 — the spinner, smelter or grower — is where process origin and chemistry are actually known.; See also chain of custody, gln
Verifiable CredentialW3C Verifiable Credentials 2.0: A claim, the identity of whoever asserted it, and a cryptographic proof binding the two. Anyone holding the issuer’s public key can check it offline, years later, without asking the platform that served it.; See also did, issuer, credential statusSource
Decentralized Identifier (DID)W3C DID Core: An identifier that resolves to a key without depending on a central registrar. Some DID methods use a ledger to publish that key; most do not, and the credential model is indifferent to which.; See also did web, verifiable credential, issuerSource
did:webW3C DID Spec Registries: A DID method that resolves a key over DNS and HTTPS at the issuer’s own domain. No ledger, no token — an issuer already owns a domain and already proves control of it.; See also did, verifiable credentialSource
IssuerW3C Verifiable Credentials 2.0: The party asserting a claim and signing it. Whether a recycled-content figure is worth anything depends on who issued it — the brand itself, or an accredited third party with something to lose.; See also verifiable credential, self declarationSource
Self-declarationISO 14021: A claim issued by the party that benefits from it. Not worthless — it is signed and attributable — but weaker evidence than third-party attestation, and market surveillance treats the two differently.; See also issuer, verifiable credentialSource
Credential statusW3C Bitstring Status List: Whether a credential is still valid. Published as a status list so a withdrawn certification stops verifying, rather than continuing to pass because the issuer never got round to saying otherwise.; See also verifiable credential, anchoringSource
Anchoring: Publishing a cryptographic digest to a distributed ledger so anyone can later prove a record existed in a given state at a given time. The record itself stays off the ledger.; See also merkle root, credential status, saltSource
Merkle root: A single hash summarising a whole batch of records. Publishing one root proves membership for every record in the batch, so anchoring cost does not scale with the size of the catalogue.; See also anchoring, inclusion proofSource
Inclusion proof: The short list of sibling hashes that lets you recompute a Merkle root from one record. It is what turns a published root into evidence about your specific document.; See also merkle root, anchoringSource
Salt: Random data mixed into a value before hashing. Without it, a digest of a low-entropy record — a fourteen-digit GTIN — could be brute-forced by anyone wanting to confirm a guess.; See also anchoring, canonicalisationSource
CanonicalisationRFC 8785: Serialising data to one stable byte sequence before hashing, so reordering keys or reformatting whitespace cannot change the digest. Without it a re-saved record looks like a modified one.; See also salt, merkle rootSource

8 terms

Milieumeting

EBSIEuropean Blockchain Partnership: The European Blockchain Services Infrastructure — a permissioned network operated by the European Commission with member states. Its governance is why a European authority accepts a timestamp on it without argument.; See also anchoring, didSource
Product carbon footprint (PCF)GHG Protocol Product Standard: The greenhouse gas emissions attributable to one unit of a product, expressed as kg CO2 equivalent across a stated boundary. The boundary matters more than the number.; See also cradle to gate, lca, gwpSource
Life cycle assessment (LCA)ISO 14040 / 14044: A structured method for quantifying environmental impacts across a product’s life, from raw material to disposal. Standardised by ISO 14040 and 14044, which fix the method rather than the answer.; See also product carbon footprint, epd, cradle to graveSource
Cradle-to-gateISO 14040 / 14044: A boundary covering raw material extraction to the factory gate, excluding use and end of life. It is the most commonly quoted footprint and the most commonly misread as a full lifecycle figure.; See also cradle to grave, product carbon footprintSource
Cradle-to-graveISO 14040 / 14044: A boundary covering the whole life including use phase and disposal. Not comparable with a cradle-to-gate figure, which is why a supplier quoting one and a customer filing the other is a recurring error.; See also cradle to gate, lcaSource
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)EN 15804 / ISO 14025: A third-party verified summary of a product’s life cycle impacts, published to a programme operator’s rules. In construction it is effectively mandatory and has a validity period that expires.; See also lca, gwpSource
Global warming potential (GWP)IPCC assessment reports: The measure converting each greenhouse gas into a CO2-equivalent mass over a chosen horizon, usually 100 years. Two footprints using different horizons are not comparable.; See also product carbon footprint, lcaSource
Scope 3 emissionsGHG Protocol: Indirect emissions across a company’s value chain — purchased goods, transport, use and disposal of sold products. Usually the great majority of a manufacturer’s total, and the hardest to evidence.; See also product carbon footprint, csrdSource

12 terms

Circulariteit

Embodied carbonEN 15804: The emissions locked into a material or component by the time it is produced, before it is ever used. In steel and aluminium it is the number a buyer procures on.; See also cradle to gate, product carbon footprintSource
RecyclaatgehalteISO 14021: The proportion of a product’s mass that comes from recovered material. Meaningless without stating whether it is pre- or post-consumer and which chain-of-custody model was used to allocate it.; See also post consumer, pre consumer, mass balanceSource
Post-consumer recyclateISO 14021: Material recovered after a product has been used and discarded by its end user. The harder and more valuable category, and the one most recycled-content targets are written against.; See also pre consumer, recycled contentSource
Pre-consumer recyclateISO 14021: Material recovered from manufacturing before it ever reaches a user — offcuts, trim waste, rejected batches. Legitimate to count, but weaker evidence of circularity than post-consumer content.; See also post consumer, recycled contentSource
Material Circularity Indicator (MCI)Ellen MacArthur Foundation: A 0–1 score combining recycled input, reuse potential and product lifetime into one figure. Useful for comparing designs; not interchangeable with recycled content or a repairability index.; See also recycled content, repairability index, circularitySource
CirculariteitISO 59020: How much of a product’s material stays in productive use rather than becoming waste. Standardised as a measurable performance concept under ISO 59020, not a single universal score.; See also mci, recyclability, recycled contentSource
RecyclabilityPPWR (EU) 2025/40: Whether a product can actually be recycled at scale in the systems that exist, not whether it could be in principle. Under PPWR this becomes a graded design assessment with fee consequences.; See also design for recycling, eco modulationSource
Repairability indexEN 45554: A score covering disassembly depth, fastener types, spare-part price and availability of repair information. Assessed under EN 45554, and an ESPR ecodesign parameter for several product groups.; See also disassembly time, spare part availability, mciSource
Disassembly timeEN 45554: How long it takes to separate a product into its component materials with common tools. It decides whether recycling is economic, which is why it is a design decision and not a waste-management one.; See also repairability index, design for recyclingSource
Spare-part availabilityESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The number of years parts remain orderable after the last unit is placed on the market, with a maximum delivery time. An ESPR reparability parameter, and in some product groups already a legal requirement.; See also repairability index, legal guaranteeSource
Design for recyclingPPWR (EU) 2025/40: Designing a product so its materials can be separated and recovered at end of life. Under PPWR it is scored A to E per packaging unit, and the grade drives the producer responsibility fee.; See also recyclability, eco modulationSource
TerugnameWaste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC: A route by which a producer accepts its products back at end of use, whether for repair, resale or recovery. It is where a passport stops being a compliance artefact and starts returning material.; See also epr, second lifeSource

7 terms

Chemische stoffen en beperkte stoffen

SVHCREACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Art. 57: Substance of Very High Concern — a substance on the REACH candidate list because it is carcinogenic, persistent, toxic for reproduction or of equivalent concern. Presence above 0.1 % w/w triggers duties.; See also reach article 33, scip, candidate listSource
Candidate listREACH (EC) No 1907/2006: The published register of substances of very high concern. It is updated roughly twice a year, so a screening that was complete last year may not be complete now.; See also svhc, scipSource
REACH Article 33REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Art. 33: The duty to tell recipients — and, on request, consumers — when an article contains a substance of very high concern above 0.1 % by weight, together with safe-use information.; See also svhc, scip, article thresholdSource
The 0.1 % thresholdREACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Art. 33: The concentration at which SVHC duties bite. It applies to each article, not to the assembled product — a fastener that is 0.4 % lead does not fall below threshold by being 2 % of the assembly.; See also reach article 33, svhcSource
SCIP databaseWaste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC: The ECHA database that must be notified when an article contains a substance of very high concern above threshold. Notification is separate from the Article 33 duty; satisfying one does not satisfy the other.; See also svhc, reach article 33Source
RoHSDirective 2011/65/EU: The directive restricting ten substances — lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, four phthalates and two flame retardants — in electrical and electronic equipment, assessed per homogeneous material.; See also weee, svhcSource
WEEEDirective 2012/19/EU: The directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment. It sets producer responsibility for collection and treatment, and requires producers to give treatment facilities the information needed to dismantle safely.; See also rohs, epr, take backSource

13 terms

Producentenverantwoordelijkheid, verpakking en rapportage

Extended producer responsibility (EPR)Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC: The principle that a producer is financially responsible for its products at end of life. In practice it means registering with a scheme per market and per waste stream, and paying a fee on tonnage.; See also eco modulation, pro, take backSource
Eco-modulationWaste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC: Adjusting a producer responsibility fee by how recyclable, durable or recycled a product is. It is the mechanism that turns passport data directly into money rather than into a report.; See also epr, design for recyclingSource
Producer responsibility organisation (PRO)Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC: The scheme a producer registers with and pays in a given market — one per country and waste stream. Registration numbers, tonnage declarations and deadlines are all per scheme, not per company.; See also epr, eco modulationSource
PPWRRegulation (EU) 2025/40: The Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation. Directly applicable rules on recyclability grading, recycled content, minimisation, reuse and harmonised separation labelling for all packaging on the EU market.; See also design for recycling, recyclability, eprSource
EUDRRegulation (EU) 2023/1115: The EU Deforestation Regulation. Cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya and wood may not be placed on the market unless deforestation-free, legal, and covered by a due diligence statement.; See also due diligence statement, plot of production, deforestation freeSource
Due diligence statement (DDS)EUDR (EU) 2023/1115 Art. 4: The declaration lodged in the EU Information System before placing an EUDR commodity on the market, confirming risk was assessed and found negligible. It carries a reference number that travels downstream.; See also eudr, plot of productionSource
Plot of productionEUDR (EU) 2023/1115 Art. 9: The land a commodity was grown or harvested on, identified by geolocation. Above four hectares a polygon is required rather than a point, because a point on a large estate evidences nothing.; See also eudr, due diligence statementSource
Deforestation-freeEUDR (EU) 2023/1115: Produced on land not deforested after 31 December 2020. The cut-off is fixed, so land converted after it does not qualify regardless of whether the conversion was legal locally.; See also eudr, plot of productionSource
CSRDDirective (EU) 2022/2464: The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. It requires audited sustainability disclosure against the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, published in a machine-readable format alongside the financial statements rather than as a separate glossy report.; See also esrs e5, double materiality, scope 3Source
ESRS E5CSRD (EU) 2022/2464: The reporting standard covering resource use and circular economy: material inflows and outflows, waste, and how products are designed to stay in use. Passport data feeds it directly.; See also csrd, circularitySource
Double materialityCSRD (EU) 2022/2464: Assessing both how sustainability issues affect the business and how the business affects people and the environment. Under CSRD an issue material in either direction must be reported.; See also csrd, esrs e5Source
BatterijpaspoortRegulation (EU) 2023/1542: The product passport required for LMT, EV and industrial batteries above 2 kWh from 18 February 2027 — the first mandatory product passport in EU law, reached by a QR code on the battery.; See also state of health, issuance level, second lifeSource
State of health (SoH)Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: Remaining capacity as a proportion of rated capacity, reported by the battery management system. It is what decides whether a used battery is worth a second life or is waste.; See also battery passport, second lifeSource

158 terms

Batterijen, architectuur en governance

Second lifeBattery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: Repurposing a battery that no longer meets its original duty into a less demanding application, typically stationary storage. The passport is what makes its remaining capacity assessable to a buyer.; See also state of health, battery passport, take backSource
Legal guaranteeDirective (EU) 2019/771: The statutory conformity right of at least two years that a seller owes an EU consumer. Separate from a manufacturer’s commercial guarantee, with different remedies — presenting them as one figure misleads.; See also spare part availability, take back
CIRPASSCIRPASS project: The EU-funded preparatory work that produced the Digital Product Passport data model and system architecture recommendations, feeding directly into the CEN-CENELEC JTC 24 standardisation effort that turns them into formal European standards.; See also digital product passport, data spaceSource
Data spaceCatena-X: A federated architecture where companies exchange data through connectors under negotiated policy, keeping it in their own systems. Catena-X is the automotive example, and it is the usual alternative to a shared ledger.; See also anchoring, cirpassSource
Rolgebonden toegangESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Serving different subsets of one passport to different audiences — consumer, retailer, recycler, regulator, brand — so public data stays open while commercial data stays permissioned.; See also digital product passport, resolverSource
Ecodesign parameterESPR (EU) 2024/1781: One of the product characteristics ESPR can regulate — durability, reparability, recycled content, energy use, substances of concern. A delegated act picks which apply to its product group and sets the thresholds.; See also espr, delegated act, repairability indexSource
Unsold goods disclosureESPR (EU) 2024/1781 Art. 24–25: The ESPR duty to disclose how many unsold consumer products were discarded and how they were treated, with an outright destruction ban for textiles and footwear.; See also espr, take backSource
Market surveillanceRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The national authorities that check products on the market and can require withdrawal. They are the audience for the complete passport data set, including its evidence chain.; See also access scope, digital product passportSource
Homogeneous materialDirective 2011/65/EU: A material that cannot be mechanically separated into different materials. RoHS limits apply at this level rather than per component, which is why one connector requires separate assessment of its housing, plating, contact metal and solder.; See also rohs, svhc, article thresholdSource
Mono-material construction: Building a product or pack from a single polymer family so that separation before recycling becomes unnecessary. It trades optimal performance per component against recyclability, since one material cannot be ideal for every function.; See also design for recycling, recyclability, disassembly timeSource
Downcycling: Recovery that produces material of lower value or quality than the input, such as textiles becoming wiping cloths or insulation. It keeps material in use and does not close a loop, because the output cannot substitute for the original.; See also recyclability, circularity, waste hierarchySource
Waste hierarchyDirective 2008/98/EC: The legal priority order for handling materials: prevention first, then preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery, and disposal last. Member states must apply it in waste legislation, and departures require lifecycle justification for a specific stream.; See also preparing for reuse, energy recovery, downcyclingSource
Preparing for reuseDirective 2008/98/EC: Checking, cleaning or repairing recovered products so they can be used again for their original purpose without further processing. It ranks above recycling in the waste hierarchy because the object continues as the object.; See also waste hierarchy, remanufacturing, second lifeSource
Energy recoveryDirective 2008/98/EC: Burning waste to capture energy rather than to recover material. It sits below recycling in the waste hierarchy and above disposal, and describing it as recycling is a misleading environmental claim.; See also waste hierarchy, downcycling, greenwashingSource
RemanufacturingISO 59004: Restoring a used product to at least original specification through a controlled industrial process, with a warranty equivalent to new. It differs from refurbishment, which restores working order without guaranteeing original performance.; See also core return, preparing for reuse, second lifeSource
Core (core return): The used unit returned to a remanufacturer as feedstock. Cores carry value, usually handled through a deposit charged at sale and refunded on return, which gives both parties a financial stake in the product coming back.; See also remanufacturing, take back, second lifeSource
Urban mining: Recovering materials from products and buildings already in use rather than from primary extraction. Its constraint is rarely technical: locating and identifying dispersed material costs more than the recovered material is usually worth.; See also critical raw material, material passport, downcyclingSource
Critical raw material (CRM)Regulation (EU) 2024/1252: A material combining high economic importance to the EU with high supply risk. Criticality is an assessment rather than a property, modified by whether substitutes perform adequately and how much demand secondary supply already meets.; See also urban mining, recycled content, due diligence statementSource
Secondary raw materialDirective 2008/98/EC: Material recovered from waste and reprocessed so it can substitute for virgin input. Its availability, not demand for it, is what usually limits recycled content targets, because material in service is not yet available for recovery.; See also recycled content, post consumer, mass balanceSource
End-of-waste statusDirective 2008/98/EC: The point at which recovered material legally ceases to be waste and becomes a product again. Reaching it requires meeting defined criteria, and without it recovered material carries waste regulation through its whole onward journey.; See also secondary raw material, waste shipment, preparing for reuseSource
Waste shipment rulesRegulation (EU) 2024/1157: Controls on moving waste between countries, requiring notification and consent for many streams. They shape where treatment can happen, and they are why a recovery route available in one member state may be unavailable in another.; See also end of waste, take back, eprSource
Material passport (building): A record of what a building is made of, where each material sits and how it was fixed, so material can be recovered at end of life. Its cost falls on whoever builds and its benefit on whoever demolishes, decades later.; See also urban mining, digital product passport, design for recyclingSource
Fibre compositionRegulation (EU) 1007/2011: The percentage breakdown of fibres in a textile by weight. It determines which recycling route a garment can take, and blends are the single most common reason a technically recyclable garment is downcycled instead.; See also elastane, mono material, recyclabilitySource
Elastane content: An elastic fibre used at a few per cent to transform comfort and fit. It blocks or complicates almost every textile recycling route, which makes it the clearest case of a small specification choice deciding end-of-life outcomes.; See also fibre composition, recyclability, design for recyclingSource
Pilling resistance: A garment’s resistance to surface fibre entanglement forming small balls. It matters disproportionately because clothing is usually discarded for looking worn rather than for failing, and it is close to decisive for knitwear.; See also durability, colourfastness, ecodesign parameterSource
Colourfastness: How well a textile retains colour under washing, light and rubbing, reported as a graded scale. Existing quality systems usually record only a pass or fail against specification, which is why the underlying grade is often unavailable.; See also durability, pilling, ecodesign parameterSource
Durability (product)ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The ability of a product to function as required under defined conditions for a stated period. Under ecodesign rules it becomes a declared parameter backed by named test methods rather than a marketing adjective.; See also ecodesign parameter, repairability index, colourfastnessSource
Microfibre release: Fibre fragments shed during wear and washing. Construction — cut edges, yarn twist, fabric structure — drives it more than fibre type, and natural fibres shed too, frequently at higher rates by mass than polyester.; See also fibre composition, durability, greenwashingSource
Textile EPRDirective 2008/98/EC: Producer responsibility schemes covering clothing, household textiles and footwear, rolling out across EU member states. Where fees are modulated by recyclability, a design decision made in a studio becomes a cost line years later.; See also epr, eco modulation, fibre compositionSource
Provenance (data): The record of who asserted a value, when, by what method and on what evidence. It is what lets a verifier weigh a figure, and what lets a publisher disclose estimated data honestly rather than presenting it as measured.; See also data quality, self declaration, verifiable credentialSource
Data quality (passport): How far a published value can be relied upon, covering its source, age, granularity and method. A passport publishes data quality to everybody, which makes stale values more dangerous than missing ones because they look complete.; See also provenance, primary data, self declarationSource
System boundaryISO 14044: The set of lifecycle stages included in an assessment. A figure is uninterpretable without it, and comparing a cradle-to-gate result with a cradle-to-grave one systematically favours whichever product declared fewer stages.; See also cradle to gate, cradle to grave, functional unitSource
Functional unitISO 14044: What an assessment is calculated per, expressed as a service rather than an object where possible. For a washing machine it is a number of wash cycles at a stated load, which correctly positions a durable machine against a fragile one.; See also system boundary, lca, pefSource
Allocation (LCA)ISO 14044: Dividing environmental burden between several products of one process. Allocation by mass, energy content or economic value are each defensible and produce different answers, which is why the method must be stated with the result.; See also system boundary, lca, functional unitSource
Product Environmental Footprint (PEF): The European Commission method for measuring environmental performance across sixteen impact categories. Category rules fix boundary, functional unit and data quality per product group, which is what makes two results genuinely comparable.; See also functional unit, lca, epdSource
Primary data: Measured data from the actual process or supplier concerned, as opposed to database averages. Replacing averages with primary data frequently raises a reported footprint, because averages had been concealing above-average intensity.; See also scope 3, provenance, data qualitySource
Market-based Scope 2GHG Protocol: Reporting purchased electricity at the intensity contracted for rather than the grid average. Both methods must be disclosed, and a large gap between them indicates renewable attributes bought in a carbon-intensive grid.; See also scope 3, primary data, greenwashingSource
Module D (EN 15804)EN 15804: The part of a construction EPD recording benefits beyond the system boundary, such as future recycling potential. It is reported separately because it is a projected benefit contingent on assumptions rather than a recorded impact.; See also epd, system boundary, cradle to graveSource
GreenwashingDirective (EU) 2024/825: Environmental claims that mislead, whether by being unsubstantiated, unclear about scope, or true but irrelevant. EU law now treats generic environmental claims without recognised substantiation as unfair commercial practices.; See also substantiation, energy recovery, mciSource
Substantiation (green claims)Directive (EU) 2024/825: The evidence required behind an environmental claim: a recognised method, a stated scope, current data and, for comparisons, equivalent treatment of what is compared. A claim without it is an unfair commercial practice.; See also greenwashing, pef, provenanceSource
LMT batteryRegulation (EU) 2023/1542: A battery for light means of transport such as e-bikes and e-scooters, defined as its own category under the Battery Regulation. It carries passport obligations on the same footing as electric vehicle and industrial batteries.; See also battery passport, state of health, portable batterySource
Portable batteryRegulation (EU) 2023/1542: A sealed battery weighing under five kilograms not designed for industrial or vehicle use. Removability rules apply, so a pack integrated into a product in a way that prevents end-user replacement is a compliance problem rather than a design choice.; See also lmt battery, battery passport, repairability indexSource
Battery management system (BMS)Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: The electronics governing a battery pack’s charging, balancing and protection. It holds the cycle count, capacity and fault history a passport needs, which makes access to it the deciding factor in whether live data can be published.; See also state of health, battery passport, second lifeSource
State of chargeRegulation (EU) 2023/1542: How full a battery is at a moment in time, as a percentage of its current capacity. It is distinct from state of health, which describes how much capacity remains relative to when the battery was new.; See also state of health, battery management system, battery passportSource
Cycle countRegulation (EU) 2023/1542: The number of full charge and discharge cycles a battery has undergone. Together with a capacity trend it tells a repurposer how quickly a pack is degrading, which single-point state of health cannot convey on its own.; See also state of health, second life, battery management systemSource
Repurposing (battery)Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: Preparing a used battery for a different application, typically stationary storage. It is treated as placing a new product on the market, making the repurposer an economic operator with its own conformity and safety obligations.; See also second life, core return, remanufacturingSource
Recycling efficiency (battery)Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: The proportion of input battery mass recovered as usable output by a recycling process, set as a minimum per chemistry. It is distinct from material recovery rates, which are set per element rather than across the whole pack.; See also recycled content, secondary raw material, battery passportSource
EPRELRegulation (EU) 2017/1369: The European Product Registry for Energy Labelling, where suppliers must register models before placing them on the market. Its label QR code resolves to a public record, making it the closest working example of a product passport already operating.; See also digital product passport, resolver, ecodesign parameterSource
Energy label rescalingRegulation (EU) 2017/1369: Resetting a rating scale because improvements pushed almost every product into the top classes, leaving the label unable to discriminate. Rescaling deliberately leaves the top class empty so future improvement has somewhere to go.; See also eprel, repairability index, ecodesign parameterSource
Parts pairingESPR (EU) 2024/1781: A design in which a replacement component is rejected by the product unless authorised to that specific device. It makes independent repair impossible by design rather than by difficulty, and is increasingly addressed in repair regulation.; See also repairability index, spare part availability, independent repairerSource
Independent repairerESPR (EU) 2024/1781: A repair business outside a manufacturer’s authorised network. They face different economics through tool access, diagnostic software licensing and part supply, and they handle the products authorised networks decline as uneconomic.; See also software pairing, spare part availability, repairability indexSource
Diagnosis cost: The unrecoverable expense of establishing what is wrong with a product before quoting. Because it is incurred whether or not the repair proceeds, reducing it improves repair economics more than an equivalent saving anywhere else.; See also independent repairer, repairability index, disassembly timeSource
Fluorinated gas (F-gas)Regulation (EU) 2024/573: Refrigerants with high global warming potential, subject to phase-down and reporting rules. Their type and quantity carry real end-of-life significance and typically live in a system separate from the rest of a product record.; See also weee, gwp, digital product passportSource
Declaration of performance (DoP)Regulation (EU) 2024/3110: The statement a construction product manufacturer makes of the essential characteristics assessed, the method used and the result. It is the foundation a construction passport is assembled on rather than a parallel dataset.; See also avcp system, epd, harmonised standardSource
AVCP systemRegulation (EU) 2024/3110: The assessment and verification of constancy of performance system assigned to a construction product, determining how much third-party involvement stands behind a declared value. The same characteristic carries different assurance across products.; See also declaration of performance, notified body, harmonised standardSource
Notified bodyRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: An organisation designated by a member state to carry out conformity assessment tasks under EU product legislation. Where one is involved, a declared value carries independent assurance rather than only the manufacturer’s own testing.; See also avcp system, self declaration, market surveillanceSource
Harmonised standardRegulation (EU) 1025/2012: A European standard cited in the Official Journal, conformity with which gives a presumption of compliance with the legislation it supports. It converts an abstract legal requirement into a testable technical specification.; See also declaration of performance, notified body, delegated actSource
Structural reuseRegulation (EU) 2024/3110: Using a recovered structural element again in a load-bearing role. It fails on evidence rather than on material condition, because an engineer cannot specify a section whose original declared performance can no longer be demonstrated.; See also material passport, declaration of performance, preparing for reuseSource
Packaging recyclability gradeRegulation (EU) 2025/40: A classification of how readily a pack is recycled in practice, assessed per component rather than per pack. Separability governs it more than material choice, since a recyclable material permanently attached to another is assessed as the combination.; See also ppwr, mono material, eco modulationSource
Shrink sleeveRegulation (EU) 2025/40: A printed film covering a container, applied for decoration. A full-body sleeve can prevent optical sorting from identifying the material beneath, so a recyclable bottle is rejected because of a decorative decision.; See also design for recycling packaging, ppwr, recyclabilitySource
Transport packagingRegulation (EU) 2025/40: Packaging protecting goods during handling and transport rather than presenting them for sale. It is reported separately from consumer packaging under producer responsibility schemes and is frequently the least well recorded.; See also ppwr, epr, design for recycling packagingSource
JSON-LDW3C JSON-LD 1.1: A way of adding machine-readable meaning to JSON by mapping each field onto a definition identified by a URI. It matters for passports because the consuming system is frequently one you have never met and cannot ask what your fields mean.; See also json ld context, cirpass, verifiable credentialSource
JSON-LD contextW3C JSON-LD 1.1: The document mapping a JSON-LD file’s field names onto shared definitions. It is a long-lived dependency: if the context URL stops resolving, the document remains valid JSON and stops being interpretable by anything.; See also json ld, resolver, link typeSource
Content negotiationGS1 Digital Link: Returning different representations of the same URI according to what the caller asks for. It is what allows one printed identifier to serve a consumer a rendered page and a recycler’s system structured data.; See also gs1 digital link, resolver, link typeSource
Asset Administration Shell (AAS)IDTA specifications: The Industry 4.0 model describing a physical asset as a set of submodels, each covering one aspect such as nameplate or technical data. It optimises for machine consumers and capital equipment rather than consumers and regulators.; See also submodel, digital twin, digital product passportSource
Submodel (AAS)IDTA specifications: The unit of reuse in an Asset Administration Shell, covering one aspect of an asset and standardised independently. Adopting only the relevant submodels avoids implementing a monolithic specification for a narrow need.; See also asset administration shell, digital nameplate, cirpassSource
Digital nameplateIDTA specifications: The AAS submodel carrying manufacturer identity, model and serial number. It is the natural join between an Asset Administration Shell and a product passport, because both resolve from the same product identity.; See also submodel, asset administration shell, gtinSource
Digital twin: A live model of an asset kept synchronised with its physical state for simulation and operation. It is operational and private, where a passport is declaratory and shared, so neither substitutes for the other.; See also asset administration shell, digital product passport, state of healthSource
Data sovereigntyIDS reference architecture: An arrangement where usage conditions travel with shared data and are enforced by the consumer’s connector, so the provider retains control after sharing. It is the organising idea behind industrial data spaces.; See also data space, access scope, catena xSource
Catena-X: A governed data ecosystem for the automotive value chain, addressing who may access shared data under what conditions. It is a data-exchange arrangement rather than a passport data model, and the two answer adjacent questions.; See also data space, data sovereignty, asset administration shellSource
UN Transparency ProtocolUN/CEFACT: A UN/CEFACT effort defining how sustainability and provenance credentials are published and discovered across supply chains, building on verifiable credentials rather than defining a new data model.; See also verifiable credential, chain of custody, digital product passportSource
Credential status listW3C VC 2.0: A published list a verifier checks to establish whether a credential has been revoked or suspended. Without one, a signed claim stays verifiable indefinitely even after the issuer has withdrawn it.; See also credential status, verifiable credential, issuerSource
Key rotationW3C DID Core: Replacing a signing key while keeping previously issued signatures verifiable. It requires a DID document to retain retired keys with their validity periods, without which every credential signed before the change fails verification.; See also did, did web, issuerSource
Segregation (chain of custody)ISO 22095: Keeping certified material physically separate from uncertified material throughout the chain, so the product contains what its claim says. It is the strongest custody model and the most expensive to operate.; See also mass balance, chain of custody, book and claimSource
Book and claimISO 22095: A custody model decoupling the certificate from the physical material entirely, so a buyer claims an attribute without receiving the material carrying it. It is the weakest link between claim and product and the most contested.; See also mass balance, segregation, substantiationSource
Smelter or refinerRegulation (EU) 2017/821: The point where mineral supply chains narrow from thousands of sources to a few hundred facilities before widening into millions of products. Due diligence concentrates here because auditing that number of facilities is achievable.; See also conflict minerals, due diligence statement, chain of custodySource
Conflict minerals (3TG)Regulation (EU) 2017/821: Tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold, subject to supply chain due diligence obligations for EU importers above volume thresholds. The obligation attaches to conducting due diligence rather than to achieving any particular sourcing outcome.; See also smelter, due diligence statement, oecd guidanceSource
OECD Due Diligence GuidanceOECD: The five-step framework underpinning EU due diligence regimes: management systems, risk identification, risk response, third-party audit and public reporting. Battery and deforestation obligations both reuse its structure.; See also conflict minerals, due diligence statement, disengagementSource
Disengagement (de-risking)OECD: Withdrawing from a region rather than managing sourcing risk within it. It is the cheapest way to avoid exposure and removes legitimate income from producers, which is why guidance now emphasises responsible engagement instead.; See also oecd guidance, conflict minerals, due diligence statementSource
Geolocation of productionRegulation (EU) 2023/1115: Coordinates identifying the land where a commodity was produced, required for deforestation due diligence. For smallholder chains it is the single hardest data point, because the plot and the trader relationship are frequently unrecorded.; See also plot of production, deforestation free, due diligence statementSource
Deep-tier visibility: Knowledge of suppliers beyond your direct ones, where no contract exists. Cascading requirements propagate only while each tier carries commercial weight with the next, which is why chains break two or three steps up.; See also tier, chain of custody, supplier portalSource
Leveranciersportaal: A buyer-operated system for collecting supplier data. It moves structuring work from the buyer to the supplier, which is why response rates fall when the buyer is not a major customer of that supplier.; See also deep tier, data quality, digital product passportSource
Class and instance data: The split between facts true of every unit of a product and facts true of one specific unit. Storing both in the same shape produces a model that expresses neither properly, which causes recurring reconciliation problems.; See also issuance level, serialisation, data qualitySource
Time-qualified readESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Requesting a record as it stood at a past date, returning what would have been served then. It is a compliance requirement rather than a convenience, because enforcement asks what a passport asserted when a product was placed on the market.; See also versioning, provenance, market surveillanceSource
Record versioningESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Retaining what a record said before each change, with the time the change took effect. It permits correction where immutability forbids it, which is why it rather than a ledger is the right property for regulated product data.; See also time qualified read, anchoring, provenanceSource
Granularity mismatch: A source holding data at a coarser level than an attribute requires, such as a material group average where a per-product value is needed. No integration resolves it; somebody has to produce the finer data.; See also data quality, class instance, primary dataSource
Authoritative source: The single system designated as correct for a given attribute where several hold a value. Deferring this decision produces a passport whose values change according to which integration ran most recently.; See also data quality, granularity mismatch, provenanceSource
Stale data: A value that was correct when recorded and is no longer true. It is more dangerous than a gap because it looks complete, and it accumulates silently in any passport built on copies rather than references.; See also data quality, provenance, authoritative sourceSource
MarktdeelnemerRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: Any party with obligations under EU product legislation — manufacturer, authorised representative, importer, distributor or fulfilment service provider. Which role you occupy determines what you must do, not where you are established.; See also authorised representative, placing on the market, market surveillanceSource
Authorised representativeRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: A party established in the EU appointed in writing to act on a manufacturer’s behalf for defined regulatory tasks. Appointing one lets a non-EU manufacturer hold the obligation directly rather than through each importer separately.; See also economic operator, placing on the market, importerSource
ImporterRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The party placing a product from outside the EU on the Union market, carrying obligations closely resembling a manufacturer’s. Almost none can be discharged without data from the manufacturer, which is why importer requests are firm.; See also economic operator, authorised representative, placing on the marketSource
Placing on the marketRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The first making available of a product in the Union, which is the moment obligations attach. It happens regardless of where the product was made, which is how EU rules reach manufacturers outside the Union.; See also economic operator, importer, market surveillanceSource
Substantial modificationRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: A change to a product significant enough that the modifier becomes the manufacturer of a new product, with the conformity obligations that carries. It turns on whether new hazards arise or the intended function changes.; See also economic operator, repurposing, remanufacturingSource
Technical documentationRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The evidence a manufacturer holds demonstrating conformity, available to authorities on request. It typically records conclusions rather than measurements, which is why it rarely populates passport attributes directly.; See also self declaration, notified body, provenanceSource
Total cost of ownership: What a buyer spends across an asset’s life — purchase, energy, consumables, maintenance, downtime, disposal and residual value. It is the framing that makes durable products affordable, and it crosses budget boundaries.; See also residual value, circular procurement, product as a serviceSource
Residual value: What an asset is worth at the end of a period of use. A documented product holds more of it, because a buyer who cannot establish condition discounts as though the worst case were true.; See also total cost of ownership, second life, state of healthSource
Circular procurement: Using purchasing criteria to require durability, reparability, recycled content or take-back. It moves faster than regulation because a buyer can impose a requirement at renewal, and it works only where criteria are verifiable.; See also total cost of ownership, substantiation, eco modulationSource
Product as a service: Retaining ownership and selling access, use or outcome instead. Because the manufacturer bears service and end-of-life cost, durability and reparability become margin rather than overhead, reversing the disposable design incentive.; See also residual value, total cost of ownership, take backSource
Green public procurement: Environmental criteria applied by public authorities when buying. Their purchasing scale makes these criteria market-shaping for many categories, reaching suppliers that no individual private buyer could influence.; See also circular procurement, substantiation, total cost of ownershipSource
Unique Device Identification (UDI)Regulation (EU) 2017/745: The medical device identifier scheme combining a device identifier for the model with a production identifier for lot, serial and expiry. It solved per-unit identity for the sector years before passports required it.; See also eudamed, gtin, serialisationSource
EUDAMEDRegulation (EU) 2017/745: The European database on medical devices holding registration, certificate, vigilance and surveillance data. It provides passport-like infrastructure and carries no material composition, footprint or end-of-life information.; See also udi, eprel, digital product passportSource
Reprocessing (single-use device)Regulation (EU) 2017/745: Preparing a device designated single-use for further use, permitted only where a member state allows it and under conditions treating the reprocessor as a manufacturer. Cycle count per unit is what makes it controllable.; See also udi, remanufacturing, substantial modificationSource
Retreading: Replacing worn tread on a sound tyre casing, extending its life across several cycles. Whether a casing qualifies depends on service history — pressure, load and repairs — which is exactly what nobody currently records.; See also remanufacturing, preparing for reuse, core returnSource
Tyre identification markingRegulation (EU) 2020/740: The permanent moulded marking identifying a tyre’s plant, specification and production week. Unusually for a consumer product it survives the whole service life, and it identifies without resolving to any record.; See also retreading, serialisation, data carrierSource
Frame number: The unique identifier stamped into a bicycle frame during manufacture, used mainly for theft recovery. It is a durable identity layer already present, lacking only the ability to resolve to a record.; See also serialisation, resolver, lmt batterySource
Sterile barrier systemRegulation (EU) 2025/40: The packaging maintaining sterility of a medical device until use. It is packaging in the ordinary regulatory sense, so packaging composition and recyclability obligations apply to it like any other pack.; See also ppwr, transit packaging, eudamedSource
Product information file (cosmetics)Regulation (EC) 1223/2009: The dossier a cosmetic responsible person holds covering composition, safety assessment, manufacturing method and claim evidence. It is comprehensive, confidential and document-shaped, which makes it a poor passport source.; See also technical file, substantiation, digital product passportSource
INCI nameRegulation (EC) 1223/2009: The standardised international name for a cosmetic ingredient. It describes chemistry rather than origin, which is why palm-derived surfactants can appear in a formulation with nothing in the name indicating the exposure.; See also product information file, eudr, geolocation dataSource
Mill test certificateRegulation (EU) 2024/3110: The document recording a steel heat’s chemical composition and mechanical properties, following the material into a structure. It contains exactly what a passport needs and exists as an unqueryable document.; See also declaration of performance, structural reuse, heat numberSource
Heat number: The identifier of a discrete batch of steel from one furnace, to which composition and property certificates attach. It is the per-batch identity structural reuse depends on decades later.; See also mill certificate, structural reuse, serialisationSource
Electric arc furnace (EAF): A steelmaking route running largely on recycled scrap, with substantially lower carbon intensity than the blast furnace route. Its constraint is scrap availability and quality rather than capacity or willingness.; See also secondary raw material, embodied carbon, heat numberSource
Use-phase impact: Environmental impact arising while a product is in service rather than during its manufacture. For appliances and energy-using products it typically exceeds manufacture, distribution and disposal combined by a wide margin.; See also system boundary, cradle to grave, embodied carbonSource
Premature obsolescenceDirective (EU) 2024/825: Design or commercial practices shortening a product’s useful life, whether through construction, software or part pricing. EU consumer law now treats practices that induce early replacement as unfair commercial practices.; See also durability, software pairing, greenwashingSource
Software support periodESPR (EU) 2024/1781: How long a connected product receives security and functional updates. It increasingly determines usable life independently of physical durability, since an unsupported device may become unsafe to operate long before it fails.; See also obsolescence, durability, ecodesign parameterSource
Refill and reuse systemsRegulation (EU) 2025/40: Systems where a container is refilled or returned for reuse rather than recycled after one use. Packaging rules set reuse targets for defined categories, which makes it a design and logistics obligation rather than a choice.; See also ppwr, take back, preparing for reuseSource
Deposit return schemeRegulation (EU) 2025/40: A system charging a refundable deposit at sale to secure return of the container. It puts money on the outcome at the moment of purchase, which is why participation exceeds voluntary collection by a large margin.; See also take back, core return, refillSource
Application periodESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The interval between a delegated act being adopted and its requirements applying, typically eighteen months. Most of it is consumed by supplier data collection, which runs at the pace of contract cycles rather than project plans.; See also delegated act, working plan, product groupSource
Ecodesign working planESPR (EU) 2024/1781: The Commission document setting out which product groups it intends to address through delegated acts and roughly when. It signals sequence rather than creating obligations, so absence from it buys time rather than exemption.; See also delegated act, delegated act timeline, product groupSource
Horizontal requirementESPR (EU) 2024/1781: An ecodesign requirement applying across product groups rather than to one. It is the mechanism by which products whose specific group has no delegated act can still come into scope, and it is routinely overlooked in planning.; See also working plan, delegated act, ecodesign parameterSource
Penalties and enforcementESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Member states set penalties for breaches, which must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The commercially significant consequence is usually withdrawal from the market rather than the fine itself.; See also market surveillance, placing on the market, economic operatorSource
Recall and withdrawalRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: Withdrawal removes a product from the supply chain; recall retrieves it from end users. A passport makes recall status reachable by scanning, which is why a cached response showing a recalled product as safe is the worst resolver failure.; See also market surveillance, penalties, resolverSource
National implementationDirective 2008/98/EC: The way an EU directive or scheme is enacted differently across member states, producing distinct registration, fee and reporting obligations per market. It is where a single EU obligation becomes twenty-seven operational ones.; See also epr, pro, eco modulationSource
Third-party verification: Independent confirmation of a claim by a party with no interest in the outcome. It is what separates an EPD from a self-published figure, and what a buyer weighing two identical-looking numbers actually needs to distinguish.; See also self declaration, notified body, provenanceSource
Audit trail: The record of who changed what and when. It differs from versioning, which returns the actual state at a past date; an audit trail records that a change happened without necessarily reconstructing what preceded it.; See also versioning, time qualified read, provenanceSource
Conformity assessmentRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The process demonstrating that a product meets applicable requirements before it is placed on the market. The route varies by product and risk, from manufacturer self-assessment to full notified body involvement.; See also notified body, technical file, self declarationSource
CE markingRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The manufacturer’s declaration that a product meets all applicable EU requirements. It is a claim by the manufacturer rather than a certification by an authority, which is a distinction frequently misunderstood by buyers.; See also conformity assessment, self declaration, notified bodySource
Machine-readable product dataESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Data structured so that software can extract specific values without human interpretation. A PDF containing the right number is not machine-readable in this sense, which is why most existing compliance evidence cannot populate a passport.; See also json ld, technical file, granularity mismatchSource
Structured data markup: Markup describing a page’s content to search engines and AI systems in a defined vocabulary. It is what allows a product page to be extracted and cited accurately rather than paraphrased from surrounding prose.; See also json ld, machine readable, content negotiationSource
AI crawler access: Whether automated systems building AI answers may retrieve a site’s public content. Blocking them by reflex defeats a substantial part of why passport data is public, since being cited requires being readable.; See also structured data, machine readable, access scopeSource
PET (polyethylene terephthalate)Regulation (EU) 2025/40: A polyester used for bottles and fibres, and the most successfully recycled consumer plastic. Food-contact-grade recycled PET is supply-constrained, which is what limits recycled content in packaging rather than any technical barrier.; See also recycled content, shrink sleeve, mono materialSource
Polypropylene (PP)Regulation (EU) 2025/40: A widely used polymer for closures, films and rigid parts. It is recyclable in principle and frequently lost in practice, because closures and small components are separated from the main pack during sorting and fall below size thresholds.; See also pet, design for recycling packaging, mono materialSource
Aluminium: A metal whose recycling requires a small fraction of the energy of primary production, giving recycled content unusually large carbon consequences. Alloy mixing during collection is the main constraint on closing the loop.; See also embodied carbon, secondary raw material, electric arc furnaceSource
Copper: A metal recovered at high value and a serious contaminant elsewhere. Copper from wiring left in steel scrap degrades the resulting steel, which is why dismantling before shredding affects two material streams at once.; See also electric arc furnace, critical raw material, disassembly timeSource
Rare earth elementsRegulation (EU) 2024/1252: Elements used in magnets, displays and catalysts, present in products in fractions of a gram. Recovery fails on search cost rather than process capability, because locating them costs more than the recovered material is worth.; See also critical raw material, urban mining, disassembly timeSource
Viscose and regenerated cellulose: Fibres made by dissolving and reforming cellulose, which allows recovered cotton to re-enter textile production. The route requires the input to be near-pure cellulose, so elastane and dyes must be removed first.; See also fibre composition, elastane, secondary raw materialSource
LeatherRegulation (EU) 2023/1115: A cattle byproduct, which brings it within deforestation due diligence and requires geolocation of the plot the animal was raised on. Hides trade through consolidators who historically had no reason to preserve origin.; See also geolocation data, deforestation free, chain of custodySource
Timber and wood-based panelsRegulation (EU) 2023/1115: Wood products within deforestation due diligence scope, including panels where the composite construction mixes many sources. Reconstituted panels are the hardest case, because one board can carry material from numerous plots.; See also geolocation data, deforestation free, mass balanceSource
Composite materials: Materials combining a matrix and reinforcement that cannot be separated after curing. They deliver performance no single material achieves and are close to unrecyclable, which makes them the sharpest circularity trade-off in design.; See also mono material, design for recycling, downcyclingSource
Bio-based contentDirective (EU) 2024/825: The proportion of a material derived from biological rather than fossil sources. It says nothing about biodegradability or end-of-life behaviour, and conflating the two is a common and now legally risky claim.; See also greenwashing, substantiation, compostableSource
CompostableRegulation (EU) 2025/40: Material that breaks down under defined composting conditions within a stated time. Industrial and home composting are different claims, and material compostable only industrially is misleading if collection does not exist locally.; See also bio based, greenwashing, substantiationSource
Glass packagingRegulation (EU) 2025/40: A material recyclable indefinitely without quality loss, constrained by colour separation and contamination rather than by the process. Its weight makes transport a larger share of its footprint than for most packaging.; See also pet, refill, embodied carbonSource
Concrete and cementRegulation (EU) 2024/3110: The largest single source of embodied carbon in construction, dominated by clinker production rather than by transport or placement. Recovered aggregate substitutes for stone rather than for cement, which limits its carbon benefit.; See also embodied carbon, declaration of performance, material passportSource
Responsible personRegulation (EU) 2019/1020: The named party accountable for a product’s regulatory compliance in a given regime. Naming one internally is what stops passport ownership dissolving between engineering, sustainability and legal functions.; See also economic operator, authorised representative, technical fileSource
Attribute owner: The person or function accountable for a specific attribute’s accuracy and currency. Passport programmes stall when attributes have a source system and no owner, because nobody is responsible for the value going stale.; See also authoritative source, stale data, responsible personSource
Sustainability data controllerDirective (EU) 2022/2464: The function responsible for sustainability figures being accurate enough to withstand assurance. Under CSRD these figures face audit, which changes the standard of evidence from persuasive to defensible.; See also csrd, third party verification, provenanceSource
Pilot product family: One product line carried end to end before scaling. It surfaces every mapping problem in miniature while fixing them is cheap, and its real deliverable is the list of places the data was not where it should have been.; See also authoritative source, granularity mismatch, data qualitySource
Attribute mapping: Recording which internal system is authoritative for each required attribute, at what granularity, and whether the value is addressable. It is the largest single workstream on a passport programme and the least technical.; See also authoritative source, granularity mismatch, pilot familySource
Data backfill: Obtaining missing historical data for products already on the market. Attempting it comprehensively before starting is how programmes stall, since the parts that matter are a small and identifiable fraction of the total.; See also attribute mapping, pilot family, data qualitySource
Supplier data lead time: The interval between asking a supplier for data and receiving something usable, measured in contract cycles rather than weeks. It is the longest lead time on a passport programme and routinely the last workstream to start.; See also supplier portal, deep tier, backfillSource
Completeness target: A measure of how many attributes are populated. Used as a primary metric it creates pressure to fill fields with plausible values, so the number rises while the record becomes less trustworthy and unverifiable.; See also data quality, provenance, stale dataSource
Export test: Periodically exporting the full record set including history to confirm migration remains possible. An export that has never been run is an assumption rather than a capability, and retention obligations outlive most systems.; See also versioning, time qualified read, data qualitySource
Identifier inventory: A record of every identifier scheme already in use, including schemes inherited through acquisition. Programmes that cannot enumerate what they have marked cannot assess their exposure, and reconstruction later is harder.; See also serialisation, gtin, resolverSource
Scan telemetryRegulation (EU) 2016/679: Recording where and when product identifiers are scanned. It powers duplicate detection against counterfeits and is personal data processing, requiring a lawful basis and a retention policy wherever the servers sit.; See also serialisation, access scope, ai crawlerSource
Duplicate detection: Identifying the same serial number appearing implausibly often or in impossible places. It is what a passport genuinely contributes against counterfeiting, since copying a code is trivial and copying it at volume is detectable.; See also scan telemetry, serialisation, sgtinSource
Content cannibalisation: Several pages competing for one search intent, splitting the signal so all rank worse than one would. It is the main risk in a large content library and is not solved by writing each page well.; See also structured data, ai crawler, machine readableSource
Answer block: A short direct answer placed near the top of a page so an answer engine can quote it without inference. It is the unit that wins featured snippets and voice results, and it must stand alone away from surrounding context.; See also structured data, cannibalisation, machine readableSource
Entity clarity: How unambiguously a page establishes what thing it is about, so a model can attach facts to the right entity. Naming the instrument, the standard or the product group explicitly is what makes a claim attributable rather than floating.; See also structured data, answer block, ai crawlerSource
Citation-worthiness: The properties that make a generative system quote a source: a specific claim, a named origin, a date and a stated method. Unsourced assertions are paraphrased away, while attributed figures survive into the answer.; See also entity clarity, answer block, substantiationSource

Over bronnen

Waarom elke term zijn instrument benoemt

Een definitie zonder bron is een mening met zelfvertrouwen. Komt een term uit regelgeving, dan staat de juridische verwijzing erbij zodat u het artikel zelf kunt nalezen.

The primary sources are the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, the Battery Regulation, the GS1 and W3C specifications, and the ISO standards behind the measurement methods. Nothing here is defined by us alone.

Next step

Dit vocabulaire binnen uw organisatie laten vaststellen?

De meest voorkomende oorzaak van een vastgelopen paspoortprogramma zijn twee teams die met één term twee dingen bedoelen. Wij leggen de definities naast uw eigen datamodel en laten zien waar ze uiteenlopen.

Demo boeken De antwoorden lezen

Geen drempel, geen formulier. De woordenlijst blijft vrij, of u nu met ons spreekt of niet.